Introducing Law & Justice - LAWS1052 FINAL EXAM STUDY NOTES

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Introducing Law & Justice - LAWS1052 FINAL EXAM STUDY NOTES Contents 2. THE DISTINCTIVENESS OF THE AUSTRALIAN LEGAL SYSTEM AND THE PLACE OF AUSTRALIA IN GLOBAL LAW 4 2. COURTS IN ACTION 6 Adversarial versus inquisitorial classification 6 Jurisdiction 7 Court Hierarchy 7 Supreme Court 8 Intermediate Courts (District/ County Courts) 8 Magistrates (local) Courts 8 State tribunals and specialist courts 8 Federal Courts 8 The High Court 9 The Federal Court of Australia 9 Federal Magistrates Court 9 Family Court 9 Federal tribunals 9 2. COMMON LAW COURTS: HISTORY AND METHOD 12 ROYAL COURTS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMON LAW 12 LAWYERS AND THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT 14 The Doctrine of Precedent 14 TO STATUTORY INTERPRETATION 16 Introduction 16 Parliament in action: How a bill goes through Parliament 16 Commencement 16 CLASSIFICATION OF STATUTES 16 Public and Private 16 Subordinate or delegated legislation 16 Codes and consolidated statutes 17 Structure of an Act 17 The relationship between common law and statute 17 BETWEEN KING, PARLIAMENT AND COMMON LAW 18 Introduction 18 The king versus the common law 18 The Common law and the Royal Prerogative 19 Case of Prohibitions (1607) 20 The case of proclamations (1611) 20 Parliament and the Civil War 20 The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution 20 BILL OF RIGHTS 1698 21 The rule of law, the Glorious Revolution and the colonies 21 7. THE IMPACT OF SETTLEMENT ON THE INDIGENOUS INHABITANTS 23 Sovereignty and proprietorship 23 Colonial attitudes 23 Social justice and the legacies of 1788 25 Indigenous people and social security 26 Aboriginal Deaths in Custody 26 Removing Children- the stolen generations 26 Trevorrow v State of South Australia [2007] SASC 285 27 BRITAN AND THE COLONISTS: USING THE HERITAGE 30 DEVELOPMENT OF PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACY AND THE FEDERATION 34 (a) THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STATES AND THE MOVE TO INDEPENDENCE 34 The constitutional framework of the states and the relationship with Britain 34 Bicameralism 34 The powers of parliament 35 (b) THE COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION AND FEDERALISM IN ACTION 44 Moving towards Federation 44 Separation of powers 48 10. Precedent and Change 52 (c) INDEPENDENT ATTITUDES, RACE AND JUSTICE 52 Race and Justice 52 Mabo and Ors v Queensland (No 2) (1992) 175 CLR 1 52 Native Title after Mabo 55 The Wik Peoples v Queensland (1996) 187 CLR 1; 141 ALR 129 56 Changes? 59 (d) Theories of Judicial Decision Making and the Doctrine of Precedent 60 Introduction 60 The Classic formulation 60 What is binding? 61 The hierarchy of authority 62 Precedent and Change 62 Dorset Yacht Co Ltd v Home Office [1970] AC 1004, House of Lords 62 Theories about Precedent 64 Using Legal Argument 67 Dugan v Mirror Newspapers [1978] HCA 54 67 Purposive interpretation v formalist interpretation 68 11. JUDICIAL DECISION MAKING AND CLASSIFICATION IN AUSTRALIAN LAW 69 (e) The Public/Private law distinction 69 R v Wright (2001) 20 MVR 412, [1999] VSCA 145 69 R v Wacker [2003] QB 1207 70 (f) The Modern distinction between law and equity 70 Harris v Digital Pulse Pty Ltd (2003) 56 NSWLR 298 72 12. Classification in tort law 77 THE DOCTRINE OF PRECEDENT IN ACTION 77 Introduction 77 Forms of action to causes of action 77 Negligence 78 Langridge v Levy 2 Meeson & Welsby 519 (1837) 79 Winterbottom v Wright (1842) 10 M & W 109; 152 ER 402 80 Trespass 85 13. Statutory interpretation and legal problem solving 95 STATUTORY INTERPRETATION 95 The traditional rules of interpretation 96 Presumptions 97 Potter v Minahan (1908) 7 CLR 277 97 The Statutes of Interpretation: The modern approach 97 The modern approach to statutory construction 98 The purposive approach 98