H1 (83) Livestock Production Systems (AGRI30030)

Description

These notes include hand-drawn images and information about the following content; • Overview of the Australian Dairy industry • Dairy Production; then vs now • Milk production throughout the year • Breeds of Dairy Cattle • Calving systems • Annual lactation cycle of Cows • Body condition score targets • Types of feeding systems • Which feed systems are utilised? • Why invest in infrastructure? • Creating a dairy feed plan • Lactation curve and seasonal pasture production • Lactation curve and calving systems • Mastitis • Individual feeding systems • Dairy cow nutrition • Feed source nutritional composition • Substitution • Associate effects • Changeover period • Key indicators of performance for pasture-based dairy • Challenges for pasture-based dairy production • Types of milking systems • Precision dairy farming • Examples of Precision dairy farming • Improving nitrogen use efficiency • Greenhouse Gas production in dairy industry • Climate change impacts and adaptations Beef – grazing • Overview of the Beef industry • Northern beef industry • Southern beef industry • Distribution of broadacre beef cattle farms • Cattle breeds • Beef supply chains • Beef production systems • Method of selling • Feedlot Sector • Comparison of southern and northern beef farms • Southern industry – productivity • Northern industry – productivity • Watering points • Environmental challenges – grazing system • Environmental challenges – feedlot system • Aust. Beef sustainability framework MSA Grading scheme – beef • Meat Standards Australia (MSA) • Factors affecting eating MSA score – Quality • Check list for MSA grading • Effects of Beef cuts on quality • Grassfed Vs. Grainfed – MSA standards • Attributes that impact MSA grade • Hormonal Growth promotants • Saleyards and pH levels – MSA scores • High glycogen – low pH benefits • Genetics effect on quality • Fat depots • Ossification effect on quality • Aging meat – effect on quality MSA Grading scheme – sheep • Meat Standards Australia – Sheep meat • Factors affecting MSA scoring Sheep – grazing • Overview of the sheep industry • Definition of some sheep terms • Major sheep breeds in Australia • Environments which influence sheep production • Sheep production system overview • Production targets • Sheep reproduction • Condition scoring of sheep • Accelerated lambing • Key management decisions for sheep reproduction • Health issues of sheep • Flystrike Sheep for meat • Breeds – meat production • Factors modifying carcass composition • Lamb growth rates • Lamb survival Sheep for wool • Types of Merino • Wool production • Wool characteristics • Wool quality and management • Animal Factors influencing wool quality • Wool follicle development • Types of wool follicle • Timing of follicle development • Secondary to primary follicle ratio • Ewe Nutrition and wool • Effects of physiological state on wool production Greenhouse gases and agriculture • Greenhouse gas and Australian Agriculture • Enteric Methane • Technologies to reduce enteric methane emissions • Tools to estimate farm GHG emissions • Carbon farming • Carbon Neutral • Carbon Neutral 2030 aspiration for red meat industries • Emissions reduction fund methodologies Climate change impacts • Agriculture Mitigation and Adaptation • Climate change impacts • Future climate scenarios • Climate change and pasture growth curve • Effects of climate change on the agriculture industry • Adaption framework for agriculture • Adaptation challenges for grazing industries • Impacts of climate change on animals • Indicators of heat stress • Impacts of heat stress • How are livestock farmers currently adapting to climate change? Emerging livestock industries • Emerging livestock industries overview • Factors to consider • Emu farming • Farming kangaroos; why not? • Farming goats • Fibre-Mohair • Fibre-Mohair – characteristics • Fibre-Mohair – cost • Fibre – Cashmere • Reproduction in goats • Behavioural characteristics of goats • Camelids • History of camels in Australia • Uses for camels • Co-grazing camels and cows • Other camelids in Australia • Alpaca industry of Australia • Use of alpacas Pigs • Pig industry overview • Main drivers of pig production in the future • Glossary of Pig terms • Pig Breeds • Traditional Breeds • Pig digestive system • Pig diet • Wild pigs • Intensification of pig farming • Types of pig housing • Stages of Pig production • Intra-partum and pre-weaning mortality • Deep-litter based system • Pig diet • The Breeding sow life • Reproductive life of the female pig • Batch farrowing • Increasing farrowing frequency • Good sow cycle vs Poor sow cycle • Entire male pigs – issues • Boar taint vaccine • Myths about entire male boars • Prospects of the International pig industry • Multiplier effect • Effect of improved pig performance • Drivers of profitability • Pork Consumption • Pork eating quality system • Physi-Trace Poultry • Overview of poultry production • Importation of genetics • Chicken industry glossary • Breeding pyramid • Lifecycle of Broilers • CAS advantages • Management of the poultry environment • Broiler housing systems • Broiler feeding • Broiler performance factors • Meat production – performance indices and objectives • Egg Layers – performance indices and objectives • Preparing for the arrival of day old chicks • Environment management • Litter • Ventilation • Cleaning barns between flocks • Poultry processing • Brooding • Whole house brooding • Feeding and feeder space • Male Grading objectives • Female Grading objectives • Over or under target weight implications - hens • Sexing Errors • Feed Allocation • Over-mating • Nest box management • Onset of lay