Torts - Uni Melb Semester Exam Notes 87%

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Got 87% relying on these notes - covers entire course. Topics include: Negligence ....................................................................................................................... 3 Intro ........................................................................................................................................ 4 Types of 5 1. Duty of Care ........................................................................................................................ 5 Reasonable foreseeability – ONLY USE THIS IF NO ESTABLISHED CATEGORY, NO ANALOGY AND NO PURE MENTAL HARM ....................................................................................... 5 Is there a recognised established duty (category) relationship? ............................................................. 13 Does the scope of the duty extend to the defendant’s conduct? ............................................................. 15 (Third party conduct – special relationship exception) AND (salient features) .................................. 26 Salient Features inquiry (NO ESTABLISHED/ANALOGOUS DUTY RELATIONSHIP) ................. 27 Conclusion on salient features ............................................................................................................... 44 2. Breach ............................................................................................................................... 45 Intro ................................................................................................................................ 45 Is there an inherent risk? ........................................................................................................................ 45 The reasonable person threshold ............................................................................................................ 46 Failure to warn  reasonable care taken? If so, standard of care satisfied. ........................................ 49 Reasonable foreseeability of breach – BRING IN 2X BREACHES ................................................ 50 Negligence Calculus – APPLY ONLY IF PPO FAILS (FOR PROFESSIONALS) ............................. 51 Soft factors  use this on top of calculus if relevant  looking for some reason to not take the precaution ................................................................................................................................................... 55 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 57 3. Causation – KILL OFF ONE BREACH HERE ................................................................ 58 Intro ........................................................................................................................................................ 58 Factual Causation – Failure To Warn (Applies to All) .................................................................................. 59 Scope of liability .................................................................................................................................... 61 Alt 3 Medical negligence ....................................................................................................... 69 1 Intro - MG ................................................................................................................................................ 69 2 Duty of Care - MG ................................................................................................................................... 70 3 Breach - MG ............................................................................................................................................. 70 4 Factual causation - MG ............................................................................................................................ 74 Remoteness – CONTINUING FOR NEG, PMH differs, consider 75 Causation CMH: Remoteness for consequential mental harm – this displaces ‘remoteness’ . 81 3 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 82 4 Defences – THE DEFENDANT MUST PROVE THESE .................................................... 82 Volenti non-fit injuria  look for knowledge of a risk ....................................................................... 82 Contributory negligence  on every exam! This is where sorting happens re marks. .......................... 84 VICARIOUS LIABILITY ..................................................................................................................... 90 5 Damages ............................................................................................................................. 94 Personalised. Once & for all. Lump sum. .............................................................................................. 94 Non-Pecuniary Loss – harm pain or suffering ....................................................................................... 95 The gratuitous care cap (within a pecuniary damages claim) ................................................................ 97 Pecuniary Losses – harm economic loss ................................................................................................ 97 5 Damages Table ......................................................................................................................................... 97 2 6 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 101 Trespass to 101 E1 - Direct or indirect interference? ...................................................................................................... 101 E3 - Trespass protects possession (not merely occupation) .................................................................. 103 E4 - Halliday v Nevill ............................................................................................................................... 105 Trespass to land - remedies ................................................................................................. 106 Trespass to goods ......................................................................................................... 106 Trespass to Goods element 3 - Possession and goods ........................................................... 107 False imprisonment ...................................................................................................... 107 E1 ........................................................................................................................................ 107 E2 ........................................................................................................................................ 107 E3 ........................................................................................................................................ 107 Battery ......................................................................................................................... 109 B – Elements ....................................................................................................................... 109 B – Notes ............................................................................................................................. 110 Assault ......................................................................................................................... 111 - Assault – elements ............................................................................................................. 111 Assault – Authorities ........................................................................................................... 112 Priv Nuisance ............................................................................................................... 113 Material harm? (SHORTCUT) ........................................................................................................ 114 Two types of private nuisance ................................................................................................................. 114 Is there an interference to [P’s] enjoyment of their recognised property rights? ................................. 118 E1 & 3 - Hunter v Canary Wharf ........................................................................................................... 118 E1 & 3 - Victoria Park Racing and Recreation Grounds Co Ltd v Taylor (1937) 58 CLR 479 (DM []) (consider thereafter ABC v Lenah Game Meats Pty Ltd (2001) 208 CLR 199 (see DM [])) ................................................................................................................................................................... 119 Was the interference reasonable? ......................................................................................................... 122 122 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 123 Factors to consider: .................................................................................................................................... 123 Priv Nuisance - Material damage ........................................................................................ 124 Priv Nuisance - is it authorised? .......................................................................................... 124 Priv Nuisance - Cases .......................................................................................................... 124 Interference with a non-property right ....................................................................................................... 124 Interference with commercial interest ........................................................................................................ 124 Property right in land required ................................................................................................................... 124 Sensitivity .................................................................................................................................................. 124 Public nuisance ............................................................................................................ 125 Public N - Onus v Telstra Corp [2011] NSWSC 33 ............................................................................... 126 Defences to ALL Trespass torts ..................................................................................... 127 3 Necessity ............................................................................................................................. 127 Self-defence ......................................................................................................................... 127 Consent ............................................................................................................................... 127 Notes on defences ...................................................................................................................................... 127 Concluding thoughts .................................................................................................... 129 Primary purpose of tort law ................................................................................................ 129 Side notes on public authorities ........................................................................................... 129